Process for manufacture of extra fine soft granulated sugar



STORAGE Filed sept. 4, 192e;-

GRHNUUITED GUGAF? B. H. VARNAU El' AL PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURE-OF IEXTRA FINE SOFTIGRANULATED VSUGAR ul STORAGE' TANK May 28, 1929.

STORAGE T'HNK HIGH PuRlTv Susana FRoM .Pasvlous GRANuLn-r/cms v if: w/rrEi ea I MELTE Patented May 19.29V

U N1 T E gli' BERNARD H. VARNAU AND TRUMAN B. WAYNE, or SUGAR LAND, TEXAS.

' RRo'cElss .FOR MANnFAcTUREoR-EXTRA FINnsoFrr GRANU'LATED SUGAR.

vAppiiczsmmn med-september 4, 192,6. serial No. 133,594.

n l This invention' relates to the manufacture f ofeXtra fine soft granula'ted sucrose sugarv from sucrose lSyrups and liquors ofv relatively high purity such. as those usually found inY 5 cane sugar and beet sugar factories in connec- 1 tion With'the'manufacture of standard. grades of .White and yellow clarified sugars, or. through remelting of commercialsugars 1nto l liquor ofA suflicient purity.' It relates, v.more

` particularlyto .the method of crystallization of the sucrose from .the niotherliquor in a crystalline state yand substantially free from impurities.

, The lprincipal objectzfof 'this invention.

15. theproduction on a' 'commercialscale andby ,methodsrvvhich' are economically feasible, lof: an ex/tra fine crystalline. sucrose sugar Aof ay texture resembling thepordinary commerical l 'l .1 softlsuga-rs, but of .apurityvmu'ch higher.` 2 0 'than the latter and vresembling@incolor and'.

- vpurity the high graderefined'cane and beet' ,bev'lused in theprodu'ctionofa grade soft sugarfof; from 98 to 9 9 per cent'5pur1ty.(98 to 25 l9 9aper cent sucrose calculated onthe-basisof 1 v; .-jdy substance) from syru'ps and liquors Whichparel otof sufficient --purityy for kthe production l 1 of the very'highestgradeof Whitesugars- In the *accompanyingv drawing Wefhave Q, shownin diagrammatic form'our preferredy systemfor carrying out our-process.

i A 1 .Inv this showing', reference numeral-'10.indi-y cates'jaconventional refinery char filter vwhich` tank 12'forfl1o1ding the high purityliquors 4obtained 'from the char filter 10.*( Thelstorage tank 12is connected'by a suitable pipe 13'tgo :i ja yvacuum.paul/1:. Thev vacuum 4pan may b e connected byapip'e 15 to the principal stor- 1. 4o

pump the liquorfro-m the tank 16 through the 5u vpipe'24and pipe 25,. or by a Aby-pass through f y.thelieater 26 tothe cooler 27.

AThe cooling apparatus QZis preferably composedofarmotor driven centrifugal basket '28 which "isv providedwith a scatter plate "29 tgandlis surroundedfby a' Water jacket 30- ft l irou gh which. the 'cooling Water' is adapted It has long been c ustomar l-'is -connected by'a suitable pipe .11 to a storage- 35 chargethe cooled-liquor i-nto the trough 34 which is connected to the crystallizer 35. vThe crystallizer 35 is provided With suitable agitating means 36 and is ysurrounded by a water jacket .37. The interior of the crystallizer -35 is connected to a mixer 38 and .acentrifugal Vmachine 39. A conveyor 40 is s uitably'con- '-nected to the centrifugal machine 39 and is adapted to carry off the soft granulated sugar tothe finishing department. To the centrifu! gal machine 39is connected apipe 41' adapted tp; cond-uct the' syrup from *the centrifugal machine to a suitabletank 42:- fro`m which the .syrup .may be c onducted-by'means .-of the pipe43 to a storage tankttfvvhich is'adapted 4 to be connected by meansjof the-pipelto the sugars of co'mmerce. The method mayalso'.:l

vacuum pan 1.4. While thefjabove described v manufacture of extraine: soft granulated sucrose sugar o'f high. purity, it may also be fusedV in theproduction `of highfgrade soft highestgrade Whitesugarsv A Y,

'to make crystalline sugars of varlous degrees' ofpurity by boiling liquors and Syrups in vacuum-pans to sugar'sof. a quality someivhat inferior to the obtain" v.grain .of .proper characteristics. 'The'. process is -essentiallythe same for all grades of sugars, although modifications .in the method of handling the contents of the va'cuum'pans are necessary in boiling liquors yand syrups -ofdifferent purities, and-When v sugarsiof different grain characteristicsv are requireid, The operation of the Vacuum pans iscontrolled by men skilled in the art of boil ing sugar.` In boiling liquors andjsyrupsfof lhigh purity to 99.9 per cent sucrose caleulated on'the basis of drysubstance) it has not been the practice to boil to obtain grainofeXtremely-fine and sof-t crystal characteris ticsbecause of certaiiidiiiculties Which -arise in theformatio fof crystals Which`will be uniform insiz'egliand subsequent difficulties- Y' in purging andwashing of the crystals so formed.' The usual granulated and yellow' clarified sugars of commerce possess crystals'l of larg'er size and much harder texture. The

soft sugars of commerce have very small,

soft crystals7 but are of lower purity than the usual granulated and yellov:7 lclarifiedV sugars because these soft sugars are boiled pans, but. of much higher purity than thev A from liquors aii'dffs'yrups of lowerl purity?. which-readily admit of handlingby the sugar f boiler i'nja nanner making their production feasible. 'l i 1- We have discoveredfthat bymakin' quite a radical departure from the u'sua cominercialmet'hods of producinghigh grade white sugars,fa sugar of very close to 100l latter. Sucrose, either from sugary cane or beet products, of nearly absolute purity has been made for-many years in the form of the usual hard granulated crystals, but never, so

' far as 'weare aware on a' commercial scale alaboratory scale, and on a very restricted.

inthe form of almost absolutely pure, soft,y extra line,- crystals. Sucrose crystals having.

these characteristics have'v been produced on commercial scale by separationv fromelcoholic solutions according to the usual methods l tirely-diferentfrom that now' employedin the usual 'processes for the manufacture of sucrose. sugars. In the-usual process of boil- 'to obtain grain`in 'vacuum pans, the

of 'producing chemically pure sucrose for. experimental purposes, but never from water solutions on a commercial scale for use as an' every-day commodity.v l

` The present process involves, in the first place', the crystallization of extremely-fine or moderately ine sucrose crystals, depending.' on'lcertain conditions which will be' outlined later, from the mother liquor ofrelatively high .purit and proper degreeof super- `saturation y rapidly cooling the supersaturated 'soluti'ons to the point .where experience indicates that enough fine crystals of the proper type have formedto prevent subsequent crops of crystals from forming, andv at the same time allowing those crystals which have formed to feed from the mother liquor-l for a period of time suiiicient'for the producl tion of a finished sugarof the desired crystal characteristics.' For liquors of very high purity (97.5 to 99.9 per cent purity) thistemperature drop 'need' be only a few de .ees

below the saturation point because o the readiness and velocity of vcrystallization off sucrose from liquors of this type, but in generalas the purity is lowered the degree ofA cooling must. be greater. urthermore,the

type of sugar desired (as regards vcrystal characteristics and size) determines how rapidly and to what extent the temperature must be reduced below the saturation point I of the liquor or -syrup- "under treatment Obviously, also, the density and temperature of the liquoro syrup to be treated determine to what degree these temperature reductions must be made, but, in general it may be said that the lighter` the density (total solids content) the greater must be the temperature drop induced by rapidly cooling any liquor or syrup of a given temperature and purity, and at higher temperatures of the liquor or syrup imanes greater temperature drops'must be secured in order to-get satisfactory crystal formation. In general, liquors and Syrups ranging from to 859 vBrixat 17.5" C., and of purities rangingfrom to 99.9,per cent'of suitable color may be used in the production of leXtra fine 'soft granulated sugars by the present'process; thequality ofthe sugars so produced being-determined byj the purity of sary t'o heat the solution in order to melt sucrose crystals .whichmay be pres nt. and which may adversely. affect the-operations which follow. l

. The method of obtainingA grain, that is,

the preliminarycrystal formation, or setting,

.higher temperaturea'except where it is-necesl,

upon which the crystals of the finished sugar `will-loe formed, is, in the present process, en-

liquoror syrup is delivered to the pans and is' therein'L concentrated under-v vacuum until.

a codition'of supersaturation is reached. As

supersaturation proceeds minute crystals are formed which rapidly 1ncrease 1n numlber-{until the pan boiler, who is skilled in the art Aof boiling sugar,.judges that enough grain has been formed.v Then by skillfully manipulating the water` 'valves' controlling the water` supply inthe condenser, .the operator decreases 'the vacuum suiiiciently to permit the temperature of the contents of the panto rise-just enough-to prevent the formation of more crystals, and from this -point the small crystalsare nourished by the 'mother liquor surrounding 1 them until theyhave reached thedesired size. During the growth of these crystals, 'the mother liquor must be kept suflicientlysaturated to llG feed these crystals but yet must "not reach the point of supersaturation so that new crystals will form. lf the latter should occurv the mass of crystals may. not purge satisfactorily inthe centrifugal machines.` With vl-iquorsof high-purity, owing to their property of readily crystallizing, the preliminary crop of crystals must be carefully acquired and handled thereafter,'and since the. temperature ranges between `an'd 165 F. at dierent stages of the boiling the crystals are formed and nourished at 'temperatures' which tend to form hardcrystals Therefore, as stated above, in the vacuum pan process of crystallizing sucrose sugars, the operator tries to conduct his evaporation to the condition of supersaturation under as high vacuum as'it is feasible to use. Concen- .tration is, therefore, rapid and the graining point. is rapidly reached in order to obtain as uniform a grain settingas possible. However, even under the most favorable conditions by this process-the' grain setting Vis not acquired alll a-t onetime and there is necessarily some variation'in the size of the crystals grow from them. If these crystals are allowed to grow sufficiently in order that the .smallest crystals will not interfere withthe purging of the massec'u'ite thus boiled from liquors and Syrups of high purity, the resulting sugar willbe madeiup of hard crystals,-the

smallest which are produced on a commercial scale being considerably larger thanV the crystals which we have found itpossible to manufacture by the present process. :lVe have' l discovered that byrapidly -cooling sucrose solutions of sufficiently high supersaturatifon and purity it ispossib e to produce, by means which are economically feasible, grain settings of extremly numerous crystals which are 'uniform enough to allow theproduction l of extra fine-sugars of high quality.

In the second place, the conditions under which crystallization is induced must be so regulated as regards temperature and density Vof the mother liquor that crystals of suii- .ciently uniform characteristics to allow ready purging -from the mother liquor,'will be formed. Sucrose readily separates `from supers'aturated solutions of high purity, and

unless uniform grain settings are obtained (enough crystalsmustform to4 prevent the formationof subsequent crops of crystals) secondary crops o f crystals may form and make it difficult or'impossi-ble to separate the crystals from the mother liquor by the ordinaryv centrifugal machine `process employed in sugar factories for this purpose. Further'- more, we have found that the size of the v vcrystals formed may beregulated by the initial density and temperature of the liquor or syrup, and the rapidity and degree of cooling, or a combination of these factors. In general, smaller crystals are produced by cooling liquors of higher density, or by a quicker and greater degree o .f cooling when density -condi-l tions are equal. Of course, it naturally follows that smaller crystals may also4 be pro- .'duced by cooling solutions at higher temperatures down to the usual temperatures to which i usually cooled.

'low the point where it canstill hold its entire sucrose content in solution; i If lconditions of density and temperature are `properly regulated, crystals. of fairly definite characteristics as regards size and texture (texture as regards the feel of the crystals according to the usual commercial mode of expression) can' be obtained.. The crystals cany then" be allowed to grow while being slowly'agitated in any'of the usual forms of crystallizers, the

process in this respect being similar to the,

crystallization oflower purity massecuites which have been boiled to grain in vacuum pans.. Since the crystals are formed in relatively cool liquors and no 'heat is employed subsequently other than the residual tempera.' ture of. the partially cooled mixture .of crys' tala and mother liquor, the crystallization and growth of the crystals are obtained 'under .conditions quite opposite from 'those under which high grade white'sucrose sugars are manufactured. The sugar manufactured by the present-'process is .composed ofveryfine crystals of relatively uniform size and soft` texture, in direct contradistinction 'to the larger and very hard crystals of the commercial sucrose sugars of equivalent purity.

' Our invention contemplates, as has been stated above, the relativelyV rapid cooling of the supersaturated sugar solution in order to obtain an even setting of grain (crystals) as 4a foundation upon which the larger crystals of the finished sugar mayl grow. If liquors in this state of supersaturation are allowedv 1 to cool slowly byrunning them into large tanks wherein cooling takes place gradually,

crystallization will occur; but with liquors.

of relatively highpurity crystallization is very likely to occur in several stages as cooling proceeds, with the result that the inassccuite so formed will be'coniposed of crystals of various sizesand shapes surrounded by mother liquor, and the process of separating the mother liquor will be hindered or renderedv impossible by the formation of a dense'ilm of small crystals'- in the centrifugal machine next to the' lining. Therefore, to be successful on a' commercial scale, the process must' becapable of regulating the formation and growth of the crystals se that the crystals will ugal machines. t.

While satisfactory crystal formation can always be induced by the relatively rapid cooling of liquors and Syrups of proper density (78 to '85 Brix at. 17 .50). and purity (96 to 99.9 per cent), whenldealing withliquors and syrups of thesame `density range but purge freely in thecentrif.-

lower purity ('80 to96 per-cent purity), AtheV i process of seeding7 maybe employed in order to insure a proper grain (crystal) formation in case that satisfactory settings are not obtained by the rapid cooling below the saturation point of the sugar solution alone. This seeding may be done by introducing dry seed secured from a previous-batch, but

owing to the density of theliquo'rs and syrf before the' latter is pumped to the cooling, vesseL The'process of seeding may be ups being treated it is preferable to`D use al small quantity (1 to- 10 per cent by volume) of a magma from .a previous batch which has -in it crystals of satisfactory characteris' tics." This :magma for. seeding purposes is best introduced into the liquor or syrup just used .in obtaining proper crystalformation infliqu'or's and Syrups whose impurities tend to unfavorably inluence`-- 'crystallization of sucrose therefrom in the' desired manner.

In the practice ofour process we may emrv ploy a hot, supersaturated, sucrose liquor .of

syrup of relatively high purity to 99.9 Aper -cent purit and suitable color when extra i high grade w lite" sugar is desired, o'rfrom v ,80 to=95vper cent purity when slightlyA olf.

grade` white sugar or soft sugars are deslred), produced, for example, by comen- ,j trating high purity liquors obtained from ref. iinery char'lters or from the use of vege- Z table de'clorizingcarbons, or from remelt, 25A

.ing sugars' from previous crystallizations into liquors of from 7 5 to 85 Brix at 17.5 C. *Other ,li hors'` which are particularlyl well gftadapted orsuse in the production of sugar by-our process are the granulated Syrups derived from the centrifugal machines when centri-fuging the high grade hard granulated sugars ordlnarily manufactured in cane sugar refineries. .Since the latter, when collected separately from thewash water used in washingthe vsugar are atapproximately BriX; at 17.5 C. (80 per cent solids) a'nd range fromllOo to 170 F., they fall'within the most favorable limits of ldensity and tem. perature forthe production of sugar by our process.

In the usual operation of cane sugar refineries, these high purity wash Syrups `from strikes of granulated sugar are diluted and heated preparatory to being again taken into the white sugar pans and boiled-into other lstrikes ofwhard granulated sugar, or may be sent to the char filters for further purification before being reboiled. We have found that these Syrups can be used'directly in the vproduction of high grade white sugar without' further concentration or boiling in vacuum pans and since our process fits in so well with the usual routine of manufacturing hard white granulated sugarin cane su ar VVrefinerieswe have described and claimed t is Vmodification of the present process 1n our copending application, Serial No. 133,595, filed September4, 1926.

In the preferred practice of our process the liquor or syrup to be made into sugar, produced by concentrating high purity liquors rfrom refinery bone char'or vegetable carbon decolorizing processes,y or by melting sugars 1 from previous crystal'lizations of sufficiently high' purity, or from any othersource capable vof yieldingsatisfac'tory liquors by `:means which` fare vcommercially feasible is run.

throughpipes 15,19, 01220 to storage tank 16.

a density of j from.-80" to, 8`2 Brix at 17.5 C. (but,wil'l'70- -be correspondingly lighter `depending upor its temperature under actual operating conditions) and a temperature of approximate- This liquor-will ordinarily have ly 160 F. 'A small centrifugal pump y23 hav- 'ing-its suction attached'to the storage tank 75'- then pumps the liquor'orsyrup through the pipe 24 into the heater 26 where the tempervature is raised sufficiently to melt any crystals, o'r the major portionof them,which i may lalready be present in the liquor or 80 v syrup. If the liquor or syrup .1s practicall free from grain it may he by-passed throug pipe 25 directly to the cooling apparatus 27..

This cooler'27 must be of suitablevdesign to allow rapid coolingof the syrup to the de- 85 sireds'point Wherea satisfactory grain setting is obtained, and is preferably composed' ofa motor-driven centrifugal basket 28'Whic`h is providedwith a scatter plate 29 upon which the hot liquid is projected by the force of the centrifugal pump. The liquor or syrup is finely atomized by the action o f being thrown by the scatter plate against the sides of thel basket', and 'from thence againsta cooling jacket Inadeof'copper surrounded `by a'water jacket 30 for the purpose of circulating cooling water next to the cooling surface upon vwhich the finely atomized liquor is projected.

The' rate of cooling is determined by the rate at' which the liquorispumped into the centrifugal basket 28 through-the pipe 25and the velocity vand temperature of the cooling water circulated in the water jacket 30. 'A current of airis drawn'through the cooling chamber from below by the .fan 31 located at. the top of the hood' 32.` The liquor is thrown out of the basket against'- the cooling surface, and then .runsdown the vertical sides of the apparatus andout of the openings ,33 into the trough 34. While the invento-rs crystals-and suspended matter which may be' i present in the liquors and Syrups undergoing cooling; and in using` other types of cooling apparatus which do'not veffect the immediate cooling action obtainablel with the apparatus Adescribed above some diiliculty isoften experienced with some sucrose liquors and syrups due to the formation of irregular ico ' through the pipe il and may be diluted and some instances even longer provided adequate crystallizer capacity is available and 1t is found that the increased'yield makes this economically feasible. The high purity magmas remain in the crystallizcr the short-` heated to `melt fine grain, and then pumped back to storage tank la from which it may be sent to vacuum pans or multiple effects for concentration for use in extracting further sugar by retr'eati'ncnt 4by, the present process, if its purity and density are satisfactory, or may be boiled into further strikes of sugar in thefyvacuum pans. As the present process is not applicable or intended for use in the extraction of sugar from low purity syrups, it is best used in conjunction `with the vacuumpan process of boiling sugar ,the

' latter being'used after the purity and other characteristics of the syrups are not favorable for the production'of sugar by the presentprocess i We have outlined-in considerable detail the general principles governing the improved process for the manufacture of sucrose sugars by a novel means'of obtaining crystallization from high purity sucrose solutions. In solutions of this character, sucrose is readily crystallizable and has hitherto been crystalperature drops, crystallization can be induced' liz`ed by rapid concentration in vacuum pans' until a condition-of supersaturation has been reached where crystals will'fseparate in the desired number and form. lVe have found that bysubjecting supersaturated sucrose solutions of equivalent purity to sudden temand controlled, so ,satisfactorily 'that sugars of relatively finer and softer texture may be manufactured bymethods which are economically feasible, and which, in general overcome the objectionable features no w attending any attempts to manufacture such sugars. by the usual methods of boiling to grain in vacuum' pans. Methods resembling the one which we propose have been used in the crystallization of dextrose and other diflicultly crystallizable sugars of different chemicall composition and properties, and which carry such large supersaturations in Waterv solutions. However, with sucrose solutions of high purity which y Will not carry such high supersaturations,

crystallization has been always induced by simply increasing the supersaturation'by con.-

centration under partial vacuum at temperatures ranging betweenlo and 170o F., but We have discovered that'crystallization may be very successfully induced by a temperature drop below saturation. w`We have stated densities, purities, vand proportions within the limits Which-We'have found practical and.A

feasible from the standpoint of high quality in the product and economy in manufacture',

but the best results 4can be obtained only by variations in the method which may be found necessary when -mee-ting any .given set of conditions. These disclosures of the principles and Apreferred practice of our invention will enable the skilled 'worker in the art to operate the method successfully, and any variations necessary will be Within the power of said skilled Worker.v

. 1n: regardto re-treatmentof motherv liquors from the first crystallization, this can be done by diluting and heating them in a small tank as they are discharged from pipe 41 pumping back to storage tank la and then 're-concentrating to 80482 pr cent solids in vacuumv pans. The concen rated liquor so obtained may then be .subjected to the treatment described above iriorder to obtain a second' drop of crystals, which, if not of sufficient purity for use as first sugars, may be remelted and the resulting liquor mixed in with 'a fresh batch of liquor and allowed to undergo treatment as described" above. 1f the grade of sugar'which we manufacture by the present process is manufactured in conjunction with sugars of the ordinary commercial types it will be foundconvenient to omit'successive re-treatments, and after diluting and heating the mother liquors they are supplied to'vacul um pans for further sucrose extraction by the f usual methods of boiling vacuums 1n referring to crystal characteristics, we

which refer .to crystal characteristics of uniformityand size desirable for the sugar re-v quired,

1n' the practice of our process, while we prefertlie rapid cooling edect of spraying the hot supersatura-ted sugar solution through an air chamber either with 'or without the aid of a4 cooling surface, it is to .be understood that rapid cooling to :a degree necessary' for the successful production of the desired type of sugar from the liquor or syrup in process by any other means or modification of the vabove method and apparatus may be employed Without' .departure from the spirit of- `the invention. The degree of modification will vary accordingto th varying characteristics of the supersaturate-d liquor or syrup to be treated. Y

While we have described the preferred to grain in partial have used theword type and normal. j

practice of our process andform of apparatus i by Which it may be carried out, it is to beaunprioc'ess and the form of apparatus described may be Widely varied Without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims. l

We claim: 1. The process of crystallizing sucrose from liquors and syru ps of. high purity `Which comprises maintaining a relatively concen- -trated sucrose solution substantially free from crystals at. a temperature of approximately from 140 to 212 F., rapidly cooling said solution to effect a substantially complete and" regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crystallizing temperature and separating the crystals formed from the mother liquor.

2. The process of crystallizing su'crese Y fronhliq'uors and syrupsot' high purity which comprises maintaining a relatively concentrated sucrose solution 4substantially free; from crystals at a temperature .of approximately from, 140 to 212 F., rapidly cooling said solution to approximately from 95 to 130 F. to effect a substantially complete and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crystallizing temperature and separating the crystals formed from the mother liquor.

3. 'The process ot crystallizing sucrose `from liquprs and Syrups of high purity which comprises maintaining a sucrose solution at a temperature of approximately from 140 to 212 y F.,'to -concentrate thesalne to a density of approximately from 715 to 85 Brix at17.5 C., rapidly. cooling said solution to effect avsulostantially complete 'and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crystallizing temperature, and separating the crystals formedfrom the mother liquor.

4. The processv ofcrystallizing sucrose.

from liquors and Syrups of high purity Which comprises maintaining a lsucrose solution at a temperature oiappr'oximately from 140 .to 212 1F., to concentrate the same to a density of approximately from 80 to 82 Brix at 17.5

C., rapidly coolingsaid` solutionl tofetlfect .a

substantially corn-plete and regular grain setting, maintaining. said solution at a crystal-'iI lizing temperature, and separating'the crys- .tals formed from the mother liquor.

v5. The process of crystallizing. sucrose from liquors and syrupsof high purity Which comprlses maintainlng a sucrose Solution at a temperature of approxnnately from140 to 212 E., to concentrate the same to a density of approximately from to '85 Brix at 17.5 C., rapidly-cooling said solution tjo lapproximately from 95 to 130 F., to effect' a substantially complete and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at acrystallizing' temperature,'and separating the crystais formed from the mother liquor.

6. The process of crystalhzmg .sucrose i I lfrom liquors and syrup's of high purity'which comprises maintaining the 4sucrose solution ot relatively high density at a temperature of approximately from 140 to 212 F., rapidly cooling said solution`to effect a substantially complete and regular grain setting, maintaining 'said solution at a crystallizing temperature for from one-half to six hours, and

separating the .crystals formed from thev mother liquor.

7.v The process from liquors and Syrups of high puritywhich comprises'- heating asucrose solution, mai-ntaining the heat ofsaid solution at a temperature ot from 140 to 212 F. to concentrate 1 the saine to a relatively high density, rapidly .cooling said solution to a.- temperaturel of.

'from95 to 130'Fi to-induce crystallization,

ot crystallizingsucrose maintaining the `temperatureof said solution at' from 90 to 100 F. for from one-haltr to six hours','and separating -the crystals formed from the mother liquor.

.-8. The process Vof crystallizing ysucrose from liquors and Syrups of high purity which comprises concentrating a mother liquor of sucrose, diluting said solution, heating said crystals formed from 9. The process of crystallizing sucrose i from liquors and syrups of high purity to produce an extra line, soft, crystalline sucrose sugar of substantially absolute purity which comprises heating a .sucrose solution to from 1 40 to 212 F., maintaining such temperature to concentrate said solution to a ing said solution at va crystalliaing temperature, and separating the crystals formed from the mother liquor.

`10.- The' process of crystallizing sucrose fromliquorsand Syrups of high purity to produce an extra line, soft, crystalline-sucrose, sugarfof.substantially absolute purity which comprises heating a sucrose solution to from 1.40 to 212 F., maintaining such temperature to concentratesaid solution to. a relatively high density, rapidly, cooling said solution to from to 130 F., maintaining said solution at a .temperature of 'from 90 to 100 F.,

'-for from one-half to six hours,.slowly agitating said vsolution, reducing the temperature of said solution to 80 F. o rbelow and centrifuging said solution to remove the cry-- stalsformed from the mother liquor.

11. The process of crystallizing sucrose from liquors and Syrups of high purity which ien relativelyhigh density, rapidly'cooling said `solution to induce crystallization, maintain# comprises cooling a hot sucrose solution of relatively high density suiiiciently rapidly and through-a suiiciently long temperature drop to eii'ect' asubstantially instantaneous,`

complete and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crystallizing tem- Y peraturey and separating the crystals formed from the motherliquor.

Y,12. The -process of crystallizing 'sucrose `from liquors and syrups of high purity Which comprises cooling a hot sucrose Asolution of relatively vhigh". 'densit andsubstantiallyx vfree from crystals, su ciently rapidly and through a sufficiently long temperature drop to effect a substantially instantaneous',v complete and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crstallizing temperatur@ and separating the crystals formed from the l mother liquor.

13. Theprocess ofi'crystallizing sucrose y#from li uors and s ru s of high 'ourit which c 1A Y comprises cooling a hot sucrose solution having a density of from 75 to 85 Brix at 17.5 C.; suiciently rapidly and through a suflicientlyI long temperature vdrop to effect a substantially instantaneous, complete ,and regular grain setting, maintaining said solution at a crystallizing temperature, and scparating the crystals formed from thennother liquor.

` 14. The.' process of crystallizing 4.sucrose and separating the crystals formed' from the mother liquor.`

15.. The process of obtaining4 an-fextra tine', softfcrystallin'e-sucrose suganof substantially absolute purity which ,comprises seeding a hot supersaturated sucrosessolution having a densitygoffron 75g/ to 85" .Brix-with a crystal-containing magmain the proportions of from -1 to 10' per cent by volume, cooling said solution suiiiciently rapidly and through a' suiciently lono' temperature drop to' eifecta'ysubstantially instantaneous, complete, andregular grain setting, maintaining said solution at acrystallizing temperature, and, separating Jthe crystalsA formed from -thevmother liquor.

vIn testimony whereof we affix our signav tures. v i

` BERNAQRD H. VARNAU.-

, TRUMAN.' B. WAYNE.

35 said solution at a-crystallizing temperature, 

